ʻO ka ʻoihana lako lako Kina i nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻomohala lohi ʻia e ke alanui lako paʻa i loko o ke kūlanakauhale electromekanical lako kamepiula. Ma hope o ka moʻo o nā loli hohonu, ua hōʻike ʻia i nā mākeke lako hana hoʻonaninani i kekahi ʻano hana ulu nui.

ʻO ka pālākiō ka mua. ʻO kā China ʻoihana lakohana i kēlā me kēia lā i mua o ka honua. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo Kina i 14 mau kikowaena hoʻomohala ʻenehana, e laʻa me nā ziper, nā ʻumiʻumi uila, nā mea hao kila, nā hao POTS, nā pahi a me nā laka paikikala, a me nā kikowaena huahana 16, e like me nā kuke kuke, nā ʻumiʻumi uila a me nā uila. Ua ulu ka hapa nui o kēia mau kikowaena i alakaʻi alakaʻi ʻoihana, a ua lilo kekahi i alakaʻi honua, a ua loaʻa nā pono waiwai maikaʻi.

Ua lilo mālie ʻo Kina i nā ʻāina loea nui a me nā ʻāina hoʻolilo. Ua lilo ʻo Kina i hoʻokahi o nā ʻāina hana nui o ka honua, me kahi mākeke ākea a me ka hiki ke hoʻohana. I kēia manawa, ma kahi o 70% o kā Kina ʻoihana ʻoihana ʻoihana pilikino, ʻo ia ka ikaika nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kā Kina ʻoihana lako paʻa. Ma ka mākeke lako honua: no ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻenehana hana a me ke kumu kūʻai e piʻi ana o ka ikaika hana, e hoʻolilo nā ʻāina kūkulu i ʻEulopa a me The United States i nā huahana ākea i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāina kūkulu, e hana ana i nā huahana o ke kiʻekiʻe i hoʻonui ʻia ka waiwai, ʻoiai He ikaika ikaika kā Kina, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi mana hoʻoluhi lako paʻa.

ʻO ka lua ka ʻokoʻa. Loaʻa iā ia kahi pōmaikaʻi nui i ke kālepa, ka holo ʻana, ka lawe aku a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka mākeke nui. ʻO ka hana o nā huahana lako pono e holomua i ka mākeke. Paipai ka pōmaikaʻi o ka mākeke i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana a hana i ka pilina ma waena o ka hana a me ka holo o ka mākeke. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka mākeke ʻoihana o nā pono uila a me nā pono uila ma nā wahi āpau o ka ʻāina, ua hoʻokumu i ka ʻano kumu a me ke ʻano holo, nui a liʻiliʻi a me waena-nui, ʻano laulā a me hoʻokahi kolokolo kūpono, hoʻopiha kekahi i kekahi, ka ʻo ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā holoʻokoʻa o ka mākeke ʻoihana o ka mākeke lako lāhui kūpono, kūpono piha ka mālama ʻana, ke kumu o ka maikaʻi o ka holo logistics.

ʻO ke kolu ka modernization. ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka ʻoihana hana i ke kahua kaapuni. ʻO ka mākeke hou o kā Kina ʻoihana ʻoihana ʻoi aku ka ʻike. ʻAʻole kū wale ke ala o nā kahawai hou i nā ʻoihana hana lima hana i nā pilikia nui e like me ke hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana i nā ʻelele kuʻuna a me nā mea hāʻawi a me ke kūkulu hou ʻana i nā pilina laulima, akā hana pū nā ʻoihana i ka makaʻu o ka nalo ʻana o ka nui a me ka nui o ka mālama mākeke. ʻO ka lua, ua lilo ka hale kūʻai i alakaʻi nui o ka hoʻomohala. Loaʻa ka manawa kūpono i ka hale kūʻai.

ʻO ka hope loa, ke kikowaena ʻana, ke kikowaena ʻana o ka ʻāina. Hoʻolaha nui ʻia ka mākeke lako paʻa ʻo Kina ma Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Guangdong a me Shandong, i waena o Zhejiang a me Guangdong ka mea kaulana loa.